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Immune-Based Therapies for the Management of HIV Infection: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Beyond

St. John’s University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, New York 11439, Ambulatory Care, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, New York 11040

Joseph V. Etzel

St. John’s University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Jamaica, New York 11439, Nassau County Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Turnpike, East Meadow, New York 11554

The widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a significant impact on reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections in patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and reducing the overall morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. However, the use of HAART is often associated with adverse effects, significant drug interactions, high cost and the emergence of viral resistance in a significant percentage of treatment recipients. In addition, the clinical efficacy of HAART in terms of viral eradication appears to be limited due to the presence of reservoirs of latent virus within HAART-experienced patients. Because of these and other limitations associated with antiretroviral therapies, new therapeutic strategies are being developed to restore the normal function of the immune system and improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to review some of the more promising investigational immune-based therapies and their potential role in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.

Key Words: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • immune reconstitution • therapeutic vaccine • cytokines

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